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# Convex Development Guide
## General Development Specs
CVX^dev^spec^React,Vite,Shadcn,TW^3xchk^code^run1st^
Style: concise TS, func, decl, iter, mod, desc vars, struct: exp comp, subcomp, help, static, types
Name: dash-dir, named exp
TS: all, iface>type, no enum, func comp
Syntax: func kw, concise, decl JSX
Err: early, log, user-msg, Zod form, ret vals SA, err bound
UI: Shadcn, Radix, TW, resp, mobile1st
Perf: min useClient/Effect/State, RSC, Susp, dyn load, img opt
Key: nuqs URL, Web Vitals, lim useClient
CVX docs: data fetch, file store, HTTP Act
react-router-dom route, TW style, Shadcn if avail
## Convex Specifics
### Query
// <typescript>
import { query } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";
query({
args: { taskListId: v.id("taskLists") },
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
const tasks = await ctx.db
.query("tasks")
.filter((q) => q.eq(q.field("taskListId"), args.taskListId))
.order("desc")
.take(100);
return tasks;
}
});
// </typescript>
Name: path+file+export=api.path.name
Nest: convex/foo/file.ts=api.foo.file.fn
Def: export default=api.file.default
Non-JS: string "path/file:fn"
Constr: query({handler:()=>{}})
Args: 2nd param, named, serialize
Ctx: 1st param, db, storage, auth
Helper: async function helper(ctx:QueryCtx, arg){}
NPM: import{faker}from"@faker-js/faker"
**IMPORTANT: Prefer to use Convex indexes over filters**. Here's an example:
// <typescript>
// schema.ts
import { defineSchema, defineTable } from "convex/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";
// Define a messages table with two indexes.
export default defineSchema({
messages: defineTable({
channel: v.id("channels"),
body: v.string(),
user: v.id("users"),
})
.index("by_channel", ["channel"])
.index("by_channel_user", ["channel", "user"]),
});
// </typescript>
And use an index like this (note the syntax is different than filter):
// <typescript>
const messages = await ctx.db
.query("messages")
.withIndex("by_channel", (q) =>
q
.eq("channel", channel)
.gt("_creationTime", Date.now() - 2 * 60000)
.lt("_creationTime", Date.now() - 60000),
)
.collect();
// </typescript>
### Mutation
// <typescript>
import { mutation } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";
mutation({
args: { text: v.string() },
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
const newTaskId = await ctx.db.insert("tasks", { text: args.text });
return newTaskId;
}
});
// </typescript>
### Action
// <typescript>
import { action } from "./_generated/server";
import { internal } from "./_generated/api";
import { v } from "convex/values";
action({
args: { queryString: v.string(), author: v.string() },
handler: async (ctx, { queryString, author }) => {
const data = await fetch(giphyUrl(queryString));
const json = await data.json();
if (!data.ok) {
throw new Error("Giphy error: " + JSON.stringify(json));
}
const gifEmbedUrl = json.data.embed_url;
await ctx.runMutation(internal.messages.sendGifMessage, {
body: gifEmbedUrl,
author
});
}
});
// </typescript>
### HTTP Router
// <typescript>
import { httpRouter } from "convex/server";
const http = httpRouter();
http.route({
path: "/postMessage",
method: "POST",
handler: postMessage,
});
http.route({
pathPrefix: "/getAuthorMessages/",
method: "GET",
handler: getByAuthorPathSuffix,
});
export default http;
// </typescript>
### Scheduled Jobs
// <typescript>
import { cronJobs } from "convex/server";
import { internal } from "./_generated/api";
const crons = cronJobs();
crons.interval(
"clear messages table",
{ minutes: 1 },
internal.messages.clearAll,
);
crons.monthly(
"payment reminder",
{ day: 1, hourUTC: 16, minuteUTC: 0 },
internal.payments.sendPaymentEmail,
{ email: "[email protected]" },
);
export default crons;
// </typescript>
### File Handling
Upload: 3 steps (genURL, POST, saveID)
Generate Upload URL:
// <typescript>
import { mutation } from "./_generated/server";
mutation(async (ctx) => {
return await ctx.storage.generateUploadUrl();
});
// </typescript>
Save File ID:
// <typescript>
import { mutation } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";
mutation({
args: { storageId: v.id("_storage"), author: v.string() },
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
await ctx.db.insert("messages", {
body: args.storageId,
author: args.author,
format: "image",
});
}
});
// </typescript>
Follow Convex docs for Data Fetching, File Storage, Vector Databases, and Auth.
Follow TanStack Docs for routing.